{"id":184,"date":"2019-10-19T01:25:21","date_gmt":"2019-10-19T01:25:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cacaaus.org\/?p=184"},"modified":"2019-10-19T01:49:21","modified_gmt":"2019-10-19T01:49:21","slug":"aa%e7%9a%84%e5%89%8d%e4%b8%96%e4%bb%8a%e7%94%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cacaaus.org\/ch\/2019\/10\/19\/aa%e7%9a%84%e5%89%8d%e4%b8%96%e4%bb%8a%e7%94%9f\/","title":{"rendered":"AA\u7684\u524d\u4e16\u4eca\u751f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u5e73\u6743\u6cd5\u6848\u2260\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u6848<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1964\u5e74\u7684\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u6848\uff08Civil Rights Act\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5b83\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e86\u5b66\u6821\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u57fa\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\uff0c\u80a4\u8272\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u6216\u6765\u6e90\u56fd\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u6b67\u89c6\u3002\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Affirmative Action\u00a0 \u7f29\u5199AA<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u5e38\u8bd1\u4e3a\u5e73\u6743\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u6027\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5e73\u6743\u884c\u52a8\u7b49\u3002<\/strong>\u548c\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u6848\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cAA\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u548c\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u3002\u5927\u4f53\u5206\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684AA\u548c\u72ed\u4e49\u7684AA\u3002\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684AA<\/strong>\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u4e3b\u52a8\u91c7\u53d6\u67d0\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6d88\u9664\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6d88\u6781\u7b49\u5f85\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u540e\u518d\u53bb\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u72ed\u4e49\u7684AA<\/strong>\u5c31\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u91cc\u7684AA\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5728\u62db\u751f\u62db\u5de5\u4e2d\u7ed9\u67d0\u4e9b\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4f18\u60e0\uff0c\u6216\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u914d\u989d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u6765AA\u652f\u6301\u8005\u4eec\u591a\u5e74\u6807\u699c\u7684\u529f\u52b3\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u6848\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce8\uff1a\u7b14\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u53cd\u5bf9\u57fa\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72b6\u51b5\u7684AA\u3002\u5728\u672a\u52a0\u8bf4\u660e\u65f6\uff0c\u6587\u4e2dAA\u7279\u6307\u57fa\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\u7684AA\u3002<\/strong>AA\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
  • 1935\u5e74<\/strong>\uff0c\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u65b0\u653f\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u201c\u5168\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u6cd5\u201d\u8981\u6c42\u96c7\u4e3b\u91c7\u53d6AA\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u96c7\u5458\u6709\u6743\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u7531\u5de5\u4f1a\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002<\/li>
  • 1961\u5e74<\/strong>\uff0c\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u603b\u7edf\u7b7e\u7f7210925\u53f7\u884c\u653f\u4ee4\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u627f\u5305\u5546\u91c7\u53d6AA\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u96c7\u5458\u548c\u6c42\u804c\u8005\u53d7\u5230\u516c\u6b63\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u8003\u8651\u79cd\u65cf\uff0c\u80a4\u8272\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u6765\u6e90\u56fd\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/li>
  • 1965<\/strong>\u5e74\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u603b\u7edf\u7b7e\u7f7211246\u53f7\u884c\u653f\u4ee4\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u52b3\u5de5\u90e8OFCC\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u8981\u6c42\u627f\u5305\u5546\u91c7\u53d6AA\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5404\u65cf\u88d4\u7684\u5360\u6bd4\u3002
    \u4ee5\u4e0a<\/strong>\uff0cAA\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u914d\u989d\u548c\u964d\u4f4e\u6807\u51c6\u7b49\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u653f\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8fd8\u53ea\u662f\u673a\u4f1a\u5e73\u7b49\u3002<\/strong>\u5c1a\u5904\u4e8e\u201c\u5e7f\u4e49AA\u201d\u65f6\u671f\u3002<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    • 1971<\/strong>\u5e74\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u201c\u72ed\u4e49AA\u201d\u65f6\u671f<\/strong>\u30021972\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u653f\u5e9c\u624d\u660e\u786e\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u548c\u5987\u5973\u5360\u6bd4\u7684\uff0c\u72ed\u4e49\u610f\u4e49\u4e0aAA\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u6027\u884c\u653f\u4ee4\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      \u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u8c01\u7684\u529f\u52b3\uff1f
      <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u8109\u7edc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c1971\u5e74\u524d\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5176\u5b83\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u529f\u52b3\uff0c\u548c\u72ed\u4e49AA\u6ca1\u4e00\u6bdb\u94b1\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u6559\u80b2\u9886\u57df\uff1a<\/strong>
      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1940\u5e74<\/strong>\uff0c\u572825\u5c81\u523029\u5c81\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e74\u9f84\u6bb5\uff0c\u767d\u4eba\u6bd4\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6559\u80b2\u5e74\u9650\u591a\u51fa4\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1960\u5e74<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5dee\u8ddd\u7f29\u77ed\u52302\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1970\u5e74<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7f29\u5c0f\u52300.6\u5e74\u3002\u767d\u4eba\u5e73\u5747\u6559\u80b2\u5e74\u9650\u662f12.7\u5e74\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba12.1\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u72ed\u4e49<\/strong>\u7684AA\u901a\u8fc7\u524d\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u548c\u767d\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u663e\u8457\u7684\u7f29\u5c0f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\uff1a<\/strong><\/strong>
      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1940\u5e74<\/strong>\uff0c87%\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u8d2b\u56f0\u7ebf\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1960\u5e74<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e0b\u964d\u523047%\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1970\u5e74\uff0c<\/strong>\u4e0b\u964d\u523030%\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u72ed\u4e49AA\u5b9e\u65bd\u524d\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6446\u8131\u8d2b\u56f0\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1.\u9ed1\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347\uff1b<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      2.\u9ed1\u4eba\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u4ece\u5357\u65b9\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u5317\u65b9\uff0c\u7531\u519c\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u8fdb\u5165\u5de5\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u6574\u4e2a<\/strong>70\u5e74\u4ee3\uff08AA\u98ce\u8d77\u4e91\u6d8c\u7684\u5341\u5e74\uff09\uff0c<\/strong>\u9ed1\u4eba\u8d2b\u56f0\u7387\u53c8\u4e0b\u964d\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u5462\uff1f<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong>\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e0b\u964d\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece30%\u964d\u523029%\u3002<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ed1\u4eba\u81ea\u529b\u66f4\u751f\u6446\u8131\u4e86\u8d2b\u56f0\uff0c\u4f46AA\u8ba9\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\u662f\u8fd9\u662fAA\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u5e9c\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u529f\u52b3\u201d\u3002\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Thomas\u00a0Sowell\uff0c\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u80e1\u4f5b\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6<\/strong>
      \u5386\u53f2\u771f\u76f8\uff1a\u5973\u6027\u5730\u4f4d\u53d8\u5316\u4e0eAA\u6709\u5173\u5417\uff1f<\/strong>
      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      \u4ece\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0cAA\u7684\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u53d7\u76ca\u7fa4\u4f53\u8303\u56f4\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\u3002\u4ece70\u5e74\u4ee3\u6700\u521d\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u62d3\u5c55\u5230\u6027\u522b\uff0c\u5e74\u9f84\uff0c\u6027\u53d6\u5411\uff0cLGBT\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      AA\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f52\u529f\u4e8eAA\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6d88\u9664\u6b67\u89c6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5206\u6790\u5973\u6027\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u4f4d\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u5728\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4ee5\u53ca\u79d1\u6280\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u7387\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aU\u578b\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/strong><\/strong>\u57281930\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\u5728\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u6280\u672f\u9886\u57df\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u9ad8\u4e8e1960\u5e74\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4ece1940\u5e74\u52301950\u5e74\uff0c\u79d1\u6280\u9886\u57df\u804c\u4e1a\u5973\u6027\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u964d\u4f4e\u4e8650%\uff0c\u4ece1950\u5e74\u52301968\u5e74\u53c8\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u53e6\u591650%\u30021920\u5e74\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u83b7\u5f97\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u603b\u6570\u768415%\u3002\u5230\u4e861950\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u662f10%\u3002\u540c\u671f\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u6388\u4e88\u91cf\u4ece15%\u4e0b\u964d\u52305%\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7b49\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u4ece1950\u5e74\u52301960\u5e74\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u7855\u58eb\u548c\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u603b\u6570\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e8630\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u4ee5\u4e0a\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u4ee5\u5973\u6027\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u6ca1\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ece30\u5e74\u4ee3\u523050\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u5728\u52a0\u6df1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\uff1a\u4ece19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u540e\u671f\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u751f\u80b2\u7387\u6301\u7eed\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5230\u4e861940\u5e74\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u4f4e\u70b9\u3002\u4ece1930\u5e74\u52301960\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u5e73\u5747\u751f\u80b2\u7387\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u8fd9\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9886\u57df\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u5ea6\u6301\u7eed\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4ece60\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u751f\u80b2\u7387\u53c8\u5f00\u59cb\u6301\u7eed\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u5973\u6027\u751f\u80b2\u7387\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u4e0a\u8ff0U\u578b\u66f2\u7ebf\u5b8c\u7f8e\u543b\u5408\u3002<\/strong><\/strong>AA\u00a0 \u00a0 \u4e00\u6761too\u00a0big to fail\u00a0\u7684\u4e0d\u5f52\u8def
      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


      Thomas Sowell\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684AA\u653f\u7b56\u540e\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u65af\u91cc\u5170\u5361\uff0c\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\uff0c\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\uff09\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1aAA\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u5151\u73b0\u5b83\u6700\u521d\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u5404\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684AA\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u5177\u5907\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u5f81\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1.\u65f6\u95f4\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u957f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5404\u65b9\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u535a\u5f08\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u518d\u5ef6\u671f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u653f\u5ba2\u613f\u610f\u4e22\u6389\u8fd9\u4e2a\u94c1\u7968\u4ed3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      2.\u00a0\u9886\u57df\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5e7f<\/strong>\uff1aAA\u5f80\u5f80\u4ece\u4e00\u4e24\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff08\u5982\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u4e1a\uff0c\u627f\u5305\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6e10\u6e10\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff08\u5982\u6559\u80b2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      3.\u6240\u8c13\u53d7<\/strong>\u60e0\u7fa4\u4f53\u8303\u56f4\u4e0d\u505c\u6269\u5c55<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ece\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65cf\u7fa4\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u65cf\u7fa4\u548c\u4eba\u7fa4\u3002\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ece\u9ed1\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u6027\u522b\uff0c\u6027\u53d6\u5411\uff0cLGBT\u3002\u53c8\u5982\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u4eceBC (Backward Classes)\u6269\u5c55\u5230OBC (Other Backward Classes)\u00a0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      4.<\/strong>\u5404\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e0d\u65ad\u7ec6\u5206<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u5370\u5ea6\u7684OBC\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u79cd\u59d3\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u52a0\u5165\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684sub-castes\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u7ec6\u5206\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u548c\u4e9a\u88d4\u7684\u7ec6\u5206\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u5229\u76ca\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e3a\u74dc\u5206\u86cb\u7cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u505c\u4e89\u53d6\u7ec6\u5206\u4ee5\u7a81\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53d7\u60e0\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      5<\/strong>.\u771f\u6b63\u53d7\u60e0\u7684\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5404\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u9700\u8981\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u4eba\u6c11\u3002<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong>I-1000\u4e0b\uff0c\u8c01\u5c06\u4eceAA\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca
      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      AA\u5b9e\u65bd\u540e\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u76d1\u7ba1\u5404\u4e2a\u4e2d\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u627f\u5305\u5546\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u9ed1\u4eba\u96c7\u5458\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e0d\u4f4e\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002\u4f01\u4e1a\u89e3\u96c7\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u6210\u672c\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\uff08EEOC\u4f1a\u627e\u4e0a\u95e8\u6765\uff09\u3002\u96c7\u4e3b\u4e3a\u89c4\u907f\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u96c7\u7528\u9ed1\u4eba\u65f6\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7559\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u5b89\u5168\u4f59\u91cf\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u62db\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u597d\u7684high performers\u3002\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u9ed1\u4eba\u7cbe\u82f1\u5728\u4eba\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u7099\u624b\u53ef\u70ed\uff0c\u800c\u666e\u901a\u9ed1\u4eba\u76f8\u6bd4\u522b\u7684\u65cf\u88d4\u53cd\u800c\u66f4\u96be\u627e\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efd\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u62db\u4eba\u7684\u95e8\u69db\u5728\u4e2d\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u88ab\u4eba\u4e3a\u62ac\u9ad8\u4e86\uff09\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u9ed1\u4eba\u91cc\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u66f4\u62a2\u624b\uff0c\u8d5a\u5f97\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u65cf\u88d4\u540c\u7c7b\u4eba\u7fa4\u66f4\u591a\uff1b\u800c\u5e7f\u5927\u666e\u901a\u9ed1\u4eba\u53cd\u56e0AA\u800c\u53d7\u5bb3\u3002AA\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u96c7\u7528\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4eba\u4e3a\u653e\u5927\u4e86\u9ed1\u4eba\u7cbe\u82f1\u548c\u666e\u901a\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u4ece1967\u5e74\u52301992\u5e74\uff0c\u6536\u5165\u6700\u9ad8\u768420%\u9ed1\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6536\u5165\u589e\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u540c\u9636\u5c42\u767d\u4eba\u76f8\u5f53\uff1b\u800c\u6536\u5165\u6700\u4f4e\u768420%\u9ed1\u4eba\u548c\u6700\u4f4e20%\u767d\u4eba\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u6536\u5165\u4ee5\u8d85\u51fa\u4e00\u500d\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0cAA\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u9ed1\u4eba\u7a77\u4eba\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u5151\u73b0\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u627f\u5305\u9886\u57df<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u8f9b\u8f9b\u90a3\u63d0\u5e02\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c13%\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u627f\u5305\u5546\u83b7\u5f97\u4e8662%\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u548c83%\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u3002\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u53ea\u67090.25%\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4f01\u4e1a\u83b7\u5f97\u4f18\u5f85\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d2%\u627f\u5305\u5546\u83b7\u5f9740%\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u8d44\u91d1\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3aI-1000\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u53c2\u52a0\u653f\u5e9c\u6295\u6807\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u4f46\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u65ad\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u503c\u5f97\u6000\u7591\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u5728\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a<\/strong>\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u963f\u91cc\u5df4\u5df4\u201d\u4f01\u4e1a(Ali Baba, \u548c\u9a6c\u4e91\u7684\u963f\u91cc\u5df4\u5df4\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u53eb\u201c\u4e3b\u516c\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\u4f01\u4e1a\uff09\u3002Ali\u6307\u7684\u662f\u9a6c\u6765\u571f\u8457\u4eba\uff0cBaba\u6307\u7684\u662f\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u534e\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f01\u4e1a\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u8001\u677f\u662f\u9a6c\u6765\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7ecf\u8425\u4eba\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u4eba\u662f\u5177\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u7ecf\u5546\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u3002\u9a6c\u6765\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u8f6c\u624b\u5012\u5356\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u5e9c\u7279\u8bb8\u7684\u8425\u4e1a\u6267\u7167\u7ed9\u534e\u4eba\uff0c\u8d5a\u4e00\u9524\u5b50\u4e70\u5356\u7684\u94b1\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u4f01\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7AA\u6765\u6276\u6301\u666e\u901a\u9a6c\u6765\u571f\u8457\u7ecf\u5546\u521b\u4e1a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u5230\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u80cc\u666f\u6709\u8def\u5b50\u7684\u571f\u8457\u7cbe\u82f1\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u4ece\u4e2d\u725f\u5229\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\u7684AA\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u826f\u597d\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u5230\u9884\u671f\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u9053\u4e49\u4e0a\u5b83\u548c\u7f8e\u56fdEquality for all\u7684\u7acb\u56fd\u7cbe\u795e\u4ee5\u53ca1964\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u6848\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u683c\u683c\u4e0d\u5165\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1I-1000\u600e\u6837\u73a9\u6587\u5b57\u6e38\u620f\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49preferential treatment\uff09\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4e0d\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a<\/strong><\/strong>\u5b83\u63a8\u884c\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\u7684AA\uff0c\u5e76\u4f1a\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u7684\u914d\u989d\u3002<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      <\/p>\n<\/body>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u5e73\u6743\u6cd5\u6848\u2260\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u6848 1964\u5e74\u7684\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u6848\uff08Civil Rights Act\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5b83\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e86\u5b66\u6821\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u57fa\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\uff0c\u80a4\u8272\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u6216\u6765\u6e90\u56fd\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u6b67\u89c6\u3002\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Affirmative Action\u00a0 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